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Provided that the correct acknowledgement is given and it is not used for commercial purposes. This article in other publications, without requesting further permission from the RSC, Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) 7.1 Principles 7.2 Interpretation 7.2.1 Notations 7.2.2 Electron workfunction 7.2.3 Chemical shifts 7.3 Instrumentation 7.4 XPS vs UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) 7.5 Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) 7. Naccache,Ĭreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 7. Tuning residual chirality in carbon dots with anti-microbial propertiesį. The ability to preserve and tune chirality during synthesis can open up novel avenues and research directions for the development of enantioselective materials, as well as antibacterial films and surfaces. By varying bacterial strains and chirality of the carbon dots, concentrations ranging from 0.25–4 mg mL −1 of the nanoparticles were required to inhibit microbial growth. Finally, in a proof of concept application we demonstrated that the synthesized carbon dots, particularly D-carbon dots inhibit bacterial growth at a lower concentration than L-carbon dots. We modulated the synthetic parameters to preserve and tune the residual chiral properties of the dots and demonstrate that the reaction conditions play a critical role in dictating the chiral behaviour of the dots. Herein, we report a facile, one-step microwave-assisted synthesis of chiral carbon dots through the reaction of L- and D-cysteine amino acid precursors and citric acid. This limits the use and application of chiral nanomaterials. However, the preparation of chiral nanomaterials requires extensive post synthetic modifications with a chiral agent, coupled with extensive purification. Chirality remains a critical consideration in drug development and design, as well as in applications of enantioselective recognition and sensing.